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IB Extended Essay Topics

IB Extended Essay TopicsHave you ever seen an IB Extended Essay topics quiz? If not, then you should take a look at it. It will help you learn what you need to know about the specific topic and will help you see if you are ready for a test.There are certain extended essay topics that you need to know in order to pass your regular essays. There are also other general types of essays that you need to know about so that you can prepare yourself for the extra curricular activities.An IB class normally teaches different subjects related to the curriculum that they are teaching. Most of the students focus on three subjects when they are in IB classes and that is, science, English and math.The math subject in IB classes focuses on learning the foundation of mathematics and how it works in the real world. A student needs to be able to apply the concepts to help him or her build and implement solutions.Since the art department and literature department are both related to the subject of Engli sh, a student in IB classes will learn all about them and will have to know about literature. This is the same reason why IB teachers have a full course titled 'The Arts and Literature.'When a student is asked to study literature or arts, they must know basic concepts of it so that they can grasp all the ideas that are presented to them. In IB courses, students will learn how to write essays, be persuasive, how to write and how to communicate with others in a civilized manner and so much more.One more thing that IB students need to know is that their grades depend on the amount of effort that they put into their coursework. They can not just expect that they will be passing their regular examinations without giving their best efforts.All IB students need to work very hard so that they will be able to make it to their professional careers as well as improve their academic scores. The extra curricular activities that are included in IB courses make these students stand out from the re st of the students.

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Get the Scoop on Essay about South African Samples Before Youre Too Late

<h1>Get the Scoop on Essay about South African Samples Before You're Too Late </h1> <p>In the US, for instance, the best strategy to get the most minimal airfares is should you utilize an aircraft internet searcher that incorporates carrier consolidator flights. You'll spend less and locate the modest tickets or trips in South Africa that you want. Regardless of whether you're keeping watch for an overnight flight ticket or a trip to a specific terminal, you will discover absolutely what you request. South African Airlines business class lounges give a determination of modern feasting choices and a total bar administration and everuthing fundamental that you enjoy the solace and peacefulness. </p> <p>It still plays an incredibly basic capacity in moving individuals all through the mainland in spite of its own special budgetary issues. The last ought to be placed with regards to the country that is being taken a gander at. White South Africans keep on par taking in legislative issues, getting a nearness over the whole political range from left to right. Ernst Roets' association has distributed the names of more than 2,000 people who have passed on over the past two decades. </p> <p>The rate this sum speaks to of the joined load of the entirety of the housemates is determined, which is the extent of the lease that housemate is responsible for. The final product is that racial disparities keep on getting repeated. Moreover, it looks to gain proficiency with the answers for stop the movement of joblessness situations in the country. The month to month premium is reliant on a person's pay. </p> <p>A wide scope of Land Acts became effective, allowing whites responsibility for 80% of the country's property. It follows that a more prominent number methods less balance with regards to income. The bore of your scholastic papers will think about your outcomes, in this manner it is vital to be certain that you stay away from blunders and keep the normal norm. Teacher Essays can assist you with improving your evaluations. </p> <h2>The Pain of Essay about South African Samples </h2> <p>On the other side, individuals who can't manage the cost of clinical guide, need to make utilization of the administrations the administration offers. The country's prosperity at building up a serious edge has lead to the formation of a great many employments. It's been clear for a long time what should be done so as to spare SAA however the administration doesn't have the will to forego its vanity undertaking, he clarified. What's more, because of segregation from the re st of the world more cash, residents, and time were made to look into new military advances because of the failure to purchase western weapons frameworks. </p> <p>If you think you require some help with composing an article, you can consider getting one. In the wake of investigating insights and research done in the zone, the initial proclamation of this exposition is presently demonstrated. Should you ever find that it's inconvenient to complete your task, don't stop for a second to address us. The task is getting a weight. </p> <p>Thirdly, a nation like South Africa's past shouldn't affect the level of people. South Africa's call place business has exponentially become in the course of the most recent ten decades. It is one of the most dynamic nations in the mainland Africa. It's likewise critical to remember that the homicide rate in South Africa is extraordinarily huge. </p> <p>Hiring essayists from our site is simple and direct procedure. At the point when you have put in the request, you can be sure of not just the perfect quality with regards to exposition writing in South Africa, yet likewise convenient delivery. Amazon is a charming correlation. Just a couple of snaps and you can purchase exposition online in South Africa. </p> <h2> How to Choose Essay about South African Samples </h2> <p>Numerous other amusement exercises for the whole family can be situated in and about Kimberley, which makes it an incredible base to investigate the encompassing territories. Also, you can support your procuring potential utilizing the program's devoted charge card. Every client will get a non-counterfeited paper with auspicious transportation. Regarding the rest, there are no certifications whatsoever.</p> <h2> Essay about South African Samples - Is it a Scam? </h2> <p>Apartheid likewise affected the way of life of the people. The political unsteadiness of the nation was the key worr y for a ton of the outside organizations. The non-whites opposed politically-sanctioned racial segregation in different manners. All of the excessively industrialized European countries needed to harvest the benefits of the horticulturally extravagant countries. </p> <p>There is a tremendous populace of these people everywhere throughout the Earth, originating from various African countries. At the point when the data was uncovered, the entirety of the applicable gatherings are gone up against with the worthy helpful difficulties confronting oppressors and persecuted the same. One of the main reasons is the political shakiness as there are a few gatherings that are currently affecting administrators to start building up a confusion inside the authoritative division of the country. Over the earlier decades some of the white cultivating network have left. </p> <h2> The One Thing to Do for Essay about South African Samples</h2> <p>African societies are so assorted they are not the same as some other culture of the planet. The Vuvuzela is here to remain. Presently empower the African experience begin.</p>

Behavior Impact and Definition of Mirror Neurons

Mirror neurons are neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe someone else performing that same action, such as reaching for a lever. These neurons  respond to someone elses action just as if you yourself were doing it. This response is not restricted to sight. Mirror neurons can also fire when an individual knows or hears someone else performing a similar action. â€Å"The Same Action† It’s not always clear what’s meant by â€Å"the same action.† Do mirror neurons code actions corresponding to the movement itself (you move your muscles a certain way to grab food), or, are they responsive to something more abstract, the goal that the individual is trying to achieve with the movement (grabbing food)? It turns out that there are different types of mirror neurons, which differ in what they respond to. Strictly congruent mirror neurons fire only when the mirrored action is identical to the performed action—so both the goal and the movement are the same for both cases. Broadly congruent mirror neurons fire when the goal of the mirrored action is the same as the performed actions, but the two actions themselves are not necessarily identical. For example, you can grab an object with your hand or your mouth. Taken together, strictly congruent and broadly congruent mirror neurons, which together comprised more than 90 percent of the mirror neurons in the study that introduced these classifications,  represent what someone else did, and how they did it. Other, non-congruent mirror neurons don’t seem to exhibit a clear correlation between the performed and observed actions at first glance. Such mirror neurons may, for instance, fire both when you grasp an object and see someone else placing that object somewhere. These neurons could thus be activated at an even more abstract level. The Evolution of Mirror Neurons There are two main hypotheses for how and why mirror neurons evolved. The adaptation hypothesis states that monkeys and humans—and possibly other animals as well—are born with mirror neurons. In this hypothesis, mirror neurons came about through natural selection, enabling individuals to understand the actions of others. The associative learning hypothesis  asserts  that mirror neurons arise from experience. As you learn an action and see others performing a similar one, your brain learns to link the two events together. Mirror Neurons in Monkeys Mirror neurons were first described in 1992, when a team of neuroscientists led by Giacomo Rizzolatti recorded activity from single neurons in the macaque monkey brain and found that the same neurons fired both when a monkey performed certain actions, like grabbing food, and when they observed an experimenter performing  that same action. Rizzolatti’s discovery found mirror neurons in the premotor cortex, a part of the brain which helps plan and execute movements. Subsequent studies have also heavily investigated the inferior parietal cortex, which helps encode visual motion. Still other papers have described mirror neurons in other areas, including the medial frontal cortex, which has been recognized as important for social cognition. Mirror Neurons in Humans Direct Evidence In many studies on monkey brains, including Rizzolatti’s initial study and others involving mirror neurons, brain activity is directly recorded by inserting an electrode into the brain and measuring electrical activity. This technique is not used in many human studies. One mirror neuron study, however, directly probed the brains of epileptic patients during a pre-surgery evaluation. Scientists found potential mirror neurons in the medial frontal lobe and the medial temporal lobe, which helps code memory. Indirect Evidence Most studies involving mirror neurons in humans have presented indirect evidence pointing to mirror neurons in the brain. Multiple groups have imaged the brain and shown that brain areas which exhibited mirror-neuron-like activity in humans are similar to the brain areas containing mirror neurons in macaque monkeys. Interestingly, mirror neurons have also been observed in Broca’s area, which is responsible for producing language, though this has been the cause of much debate. Open Questions Such neuroimaging evidence seems promising. However, since individual neurons are not being directly probed during the experiment, it’s difficult to correlate this brain activity to specific neurons in the human brain—even if the imaged brain areas are very similar to those found in monkeys. According to Christian Keysers, a researcher who studies the human mirror neuron system, a small area on a brain scan can correspond to millions of neurons. Thus, the mirror neurons found in humans cannot be directly compared with those in monkeys to confirm whether the systems are the same. Furthermore, it is not necessarily clear whether the brain activity corresponding to an observed action is a response to other sensory experiences rather than mirroring. Possible Role in Social Cognition Since their discovery, mirror neurons have been considered one of the most important discoveries in neuroscience, intriguing experts and non-experts alike. Why the strong interest? It stems from the role mirror neurons may play in explaining social behavior. When humans interact with each other, they understand what other people do or feel. Thus, some researchers say that mirror neurons—which allow you to experience the actions of others—could shed light on some of the neural mechanisms underlying why we learn and communicate. For example, mirror neurons may provide insights on why we imitate other people, which is critical to understanding how humans learn, or how we understand other people’s actions, which could shed light on empathy. Based on their possible role in social cognition, at least one group has also proposed that a â€Å"broken mirror system† may also cause autism, which is partly characterized by difficulty in social interactions. They argue that reduced activity of mirror neurons prevents autistic individuals from understanding what others are feeling. Other researchers have stated this is an oversimplified view of autism: a review looked at 25 papers focusing on autism and a broken mirror system and concluded there was â€Å"little evidence† for this hypothesis. A number of researchers are much more cautious about whether mirror neurons are crucial to empathy and other social behavior. For example, even if you have never seen an action before, you are still capable of understanding it—for example, if you see Superman flying in a movie even if you can’t fly yourself. Evidence for this comes from individuals who have lost the capacity to perform certain actions, like brushing teeth, yet can still understand them when others perform them. Towards the future Though much research has been conducted on mirror neurons, there are still many lingering questions. For example, are they only restricted to certain areas of the brain? What is their real function? Do they really exist, or can their response be attributed to other neurons? Much more work has to be done to answer these questions. References A calm look at the most hyped concept in neuroscience – mirror neurons, Christian Jarrett, Wired.Acharya, S., and Shukla, S. â€Å"Mirror neurons: Enigma of the metaphysical modular brain.† Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 2012, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 118-124, doi: 10.4103/0976-9668.101878.Gallese, V., Fadiga, L., Fogassi, L., and Rizzolatti, G. â€Å"Action recognition in the premotor cortex.† Brain, 1996, vol. 119, pp. 593-609, doi: 10.1093/brain/awp167.Hamilton, A. â€Å"Reflecting on the mirror neuron system in autism: A systematic review of current theories.† Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2013, vol. 3, pp. 91-105, doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.008Heyes, C. â€Å"Where do mirror neurons come from?† Neuroscience and Behavioral Reviews, 2009, vol. 34, pp. 575-583, doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.11.007.Keysers, C., and Fadiga, L. â€Å"The mirror neuron system: New frontiers.† Social Neuroscience, 2008, vol. 3, no. 3-4, pp. 193-198, doi: 10.1080/17470910802408513.Kilner, J., and Lemon, R. â€Å"What we currently know about mirror neurons.† Current Biology, 2013, vol. 23, no. 23, pp. R1057-R1062, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.051.Kokal, I., Gazzola, V., and Keysers, C. Acting together in and beyond the mirror neuron system. Neuroimage, 2009, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 2046-2056, doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.010.Miklà ³si, à . Do dogs have mirror neurons? Scientific American Mind.Mirror neurons after a quarter century: New light, new cracks, JohnMark Taylor, Science in the News.Reflecting on mirror neurons, Mo Costandi, The Guardian.The mind’s mirror, Lea Winerman, Monitor on Psychology.Uithol, S., van Rooij, I., Bekkering, H., and Haselager, P. â€Å"What do mirror neurons mirror?† Philosophical Psychology, 2011, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 607-623, doi: 10.1080/09515089.2011.562604.What’s so special about mirror neurons?, Ben Thomas, Scientific American Guest Blog.Yoshida, K., Saito, N., Iriki, A., and Isoda, M. â€Å"Representation of others’ action by neurons in monkey medial frontal cortex.† Current Biology, 2011, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 249-253, doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.004.

Academic Research Paper Topics

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The Essay on Science Related Topics Trap

<h1> The Essay on Science Related Topics Trap</h1> <p>Thus, there's an interest for the rancher to reduce such a weight of peril and be certain that practical choices are embraced. You may see the total report here. Assembling and selling the thing includes mulling over various variables and standards affecting the thing cost. It is believed that advanced horticulture rehearses by both smallholding and enormous scope ranchers can ease the region of appetite in the moving toward years. </p> <p>It's critical to locate an underlying feeling of your information with a quick examination, and after that arrangement out your means. Presently before you run off and begin assembling some profound getting the hang of undertaking, have a stage back for a second. A few understudies use the absolute first thought which shows up in their mind and work on it, yet the result isn't fruitful. In numerous occasions, client science has become the contrast between item disap pointment and a tremendous client hit.</p> <p>One of the most noteworthy issues looked in the execution of data science is that the agribusiness area isn't promptly inviting change. Moreover, when you start to utilize information science underway it will likely transform into basic so as to make your own bundles. Along these lines, information may be used to think of new items or to improve the present ones. Besides, the information accessible from new advances like spectroscopes can be used in homesteads to perceive the gauge of soil and the preparation and high caliber of natural products that are made in the ranch. </p> <p>In expansion, it seems to get solid relations with stock organization. Presently you have your information, you should choose an instrument. Likewise at times alluded to as a Decision Tree, characterization is only one of a few strategies proposed to make the examination of extremely huge datasets viable. You'll be provoked to choose fro m where you might want to import and which document configuration to utilize. </p> <p>Utilizing large information investigation for overseeing flexibly chain hazard may be very useful for the producers. Information science should change the assembling business significantly. Agrarian information is the equivalent. There's moreover a lot of computerized information which can be found on the net. </p> <p>Science isn't only a bit by bit way to deal with revelation. It is a worldwide human undertaking. Science and innovation has modified the lives of individuals to a huge degree. Science and innovation in the public eye have come to be the subject of discussion. </p> <p>Science isn't just a clean bundle of information. It is the way toward endeavoring to comprehend the common world through proof. It is by a wide margin the best apparatus we need to comprehend the normal world, and logical proof ought not be disregarded on the grounds that it has been confounded in the past.</p> <p>People all around the globe partake in the act of science. Particular creations of Science have filled our heart with joy to-day lives simple and tranquil moreover. </p> <h2> Essay on Science Related Topics for Dummies </h2> <p>A extraordinary paper is expository and interpretive it's scientific as it makes a contention the theory it's interpretive as it puts together its investigation with respect to translation. Put in your inquiry and the kind of exposition you need to get. The focuses which are absent inside this exposition are depicted in the accompanying papers. If you put it down inside the absolute first exposition sentence, make a point to offer enough supporting material. </p> <p>Be aware of the size it must be and start composing the story article plot. Notwithstanding what bit of thinking of you are relegated at your foundation, the complete paper must be intriguing to peruse. It's delivered by methods for a Science Friday alum, and that implies you know that it's quality. </p> <h2> Facts, Fiction and Essay on Science Related Topics</h2> <p>One needs to comprehend the less complex techniques at first, as an approach to get a handle on the more refined ones. In application, it's an interdisciplinary zone of study not confined to the recorded four controls. It is critical to comprehend the thoughts behind the an assortment of practices, as an approach to know how and when to utilize them. Regardless of whether understudies take a specific course since they are truly intrigued by the theme, this despite everything doesn't show they appreciate each aspect of it. </p> <p>Select any 2 things which you use in your regul ar day to day existence and which are connected. Consider a couple of the inquiries that kids pose to constantly. Anybody can get a thought regarding how nature functions. An idea that predicts the manner in which the world works is known as a theory. </p>

Understanding Research Paper Outline Examples

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A discourse plot helps the essayist or the individual setting up the discourse to figure out how to create their discourse. The acquaintance needs with be unequivocal and clear. The happening to the examination contains the review to the investigation. </p> <p>You're advised to form the examination paper yourself. There are bunches of locales where it is conceivable to find astounding exploration paper points if your instructor doesn't allot a specific subject. You should ensure the examination which you will make will appropriately introduce the exploration addresses which will be replied through the guide of the things which you will give inside the full report. Logical investigations and notable sites, colleges, and associations are altogether good places to find your information.</p> <h2>Research Paper Outline Examples - the Conspiracy </h2> <p>you must form a few scholastic papers over the span of a year. Choosing a proper point is the absolute first test numerous understudies meet. The most reasonable research theme is the underlying and most huge part composing an extraordinary research paper. Incredible research paper points will be fairly clear to inves tigate and should have in any event two or three examinations done regarding the matter. </p> <h2> The Do's and Don'ts of Research Paper Outline Examples</h2> <p>Anyone perusing the examination paper should be in a situation to find exactly what you're talking about by survey the connections to your sources. The writing which you're utilizing for your acquaintance additionally needs with be precise in thoughts. You will have question that ought to be replied and all your examination should focus on giving responses to it. Before composing diagram models, great master help may likewise be taken and a far reaching research on the web can be practiced. </p> <h2> Research Paper Outline Examples Secrets</h2> <p>By utilizing APA inquire about paper, you will see how to compose an extraordinary exposition or paper. Nowadays, APA style is broadly utilized. Moreover, the APA style uses specific structure of reference notwithstanding page styles . </p> <h2> What is Actually Happening with Research Paper Outline Examples </h2> <p>In numerous occasions, you should form an examination paper proposition before you compose your actual paper. Our specialists will plan a layout for nothing once you request a tweaked paper on the site. Much the same as while using a drafting paper layout, you likewise need to verify that your exploration paper is clear, nitty gritty, and enlightening. An expository research paper is a sort of school look into paper. </p> <p>A entire parcel of the formats for declarations will most likely be out there at no more cost on the web. Using a framework format can help the understudy arrange the paper and wipe out the thoughts that aren't appropriate to the point of the article. Our examination paper diagram formats can assist you with sparing a great deal of time and cash. </p> <p>Ensure to be refreshed with the appropriate term utilization particularly when you're composing an examination paper. A reasonable blueprint is actually the skeleton of your key work. There are bunches of acceptable references to help you with inquire about strategy and specialized composition. You must cover all the imperative subtleties like brief presentation, speculation along with the outcomes. </p> <h2> The Key to Successful Research Paper Outline Examples </h2> <p>To exhibit how to create an exposition layout, here is a genuine case of the configuration. In certain cases where a lay out is essential, there should be a particular strategy for organizing it. Each layout ought to have a rundown of the blueprint foundation, diagram reason and destinations. After you get a completely clear and coherently associated layout, you won't ever bomb the task. </p>

How to Write a Timed Essay Video

<h1>How to Write a Timed Essay Video</h1><p>If you've made it this far, you are most likely thinking about how to compose a coordinated article. Since you have your picked subject for your exposition and a video for your article to get the essence of the paper, you should now conclude how to do it.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous approaches to compose an exposition, however there is just one right approach to compose a coordinated paper. You need to pick an article subject dependent on what you are going to state in the paper. On the off chance that you need to cover general subjects, you can pick your exposition themes, for example, sports, governmental issues, work, music, expressions of the human experience, etc.</p><p></p><p>If you are going to utilize the article point for a school venture, your paper subject should identify with your undertaking. Take a games model. What is the subject of your task? What you are composing will be about games and not your project.</p><p></p><p>The next thing to choose to pick a paper subject is the way to make it intriguing to peruse. This implies making sense of what sort of paper you will compose and how to appropriately structure your exposition. Try not to attempt to pack data into the exposition that you can't back up with realities. For example, in case you're composing an article about the medical advantages of broccoli, do exclude a passage about how broccoli helps in bringing down cholesterol.</p><p></p><p>If your point is something you think about, don't oversell it or cause it to appear as though it's unrealistic. Consider what data you will incorporate. In case you're expounding on sports, ensure your paper is very much organized and spotlights on what data you are giving. In case you're expounding on legislative issues, guarantee your exposition tends to all the primary concerns you need to.</p& gt;<p></p><p>Always pick an article that you're generally OK with composing. Try not to attempt to compose a paper you've never composed, since you won't realize the substance all around ok to settle on an educated choice. Your article ought to be a layout of your point. This blueprint ought to have all the fundamental subtleties and stream to keep you perusing the whole essay.</p><p></p><p>Remember, the objective is to take a brief timeframe and begin composing a paper. It shouldn't take you over fifteen minutes to start composing an exposition, however you need to ensure that your paper is pertinent to the point. Composing an exposition is extraordinary, yet on the off chance that you wind up going over it, it won't make any difference since you're as of now perusing your essay.</p>

Essay Answer Tips - Learn How to Ace the National Senior Achievement Examination

<h1>Essay Answer Tips - Learn How to Ace the National Senior Achievement Examination</h1><p>While taking the National Senior Achievement Examination (NSLE) you may think that its hard to locate the privilege NSLSY exposition answer tests. In the event that you are in this circumstance and need to expert the test, at that point you should be decidedly ready with the correct paper tests and right article rules. This article will reveal to you how to pro the NSLE test and get a high evaluation in it. In actuality, on the off chance that you are wanting to expert the test, at that point you should have taken in the different manners to dispose of nervousness and stress.</p><p></p><p>Do not alarm before the test! The NSLE is an extraordinary open door for you to set yourself up for what's to come. Other than the standard arrangements that can help you in getting ready for this test, you ought to recollect that the test is actually an enormous obst acle and subsequently you should attempt to do everything conceivable to get yourself arranged for the test and you will think that its very beneficial.</p><p></p><p>The key for this test is your eagerness to respond to all the inquiries effectively. There are many intriguing reasons why you should be set up with paper answer samples.</p><p></p><p>Before considering the article answers tests you more likely than not thoroughly considered the inquiry itself. A few inquiries pose to the paper answers to talk about an occasion, though there are others where the exposition answer needs to make a correlation between at least two occasions. You more likely than not ensured that you are not wandering excessively far from the theme at hand.</p><p></p><p>If you need to expert the test, at that point you should recollect that the most ideal approach to pro the test is by considering of the crate. You should avoid furnishi ng right responses and thoroughly consider of the crate. When you can do so then you can make the most of your vacation.</p><p></p><p>The initial step is to locate the best paper answer test on the web. You can undoubtedly discover them in the web or from the stores. When you have picked the best article answer test then the time has come to reorder the whole content into the exposition answer. The motivation behind duplicate and sticking is to guarantee that you get the best out of the sample.</p><p></p><p>It is additionally a decent practice to roll out a couple of improvements in the example with the goal that you can ensure that you are passing on the specific importance of the example. You can likewise experience the example to check whether you comprehend the substance or not. At last, in the wake of assessing the example the time has come to utilize the right exposition answer tips and you can make certain to pro the exam.</p >

Essay Topics For Upsc That Can Be Found Online

Essay Topics For Upsc That Can Be Found OnlineWhen writing an essay, you want to choose essay topics that are meaningful and provocative. It is equally important to choose essay topics that you can work with, as this will ensure that your essay will make sense and be of use.There are many possible essay topics for upsc, including but not limited to historical, geographical, societal, ethical, religious, technical, and intellectual topics. It is vital that you choose the topic you are comfortable with and know what it is that you are writing about. If you have an idea, start by researching the topic, as this will help you identify your potential essay topics for upsc.There are many different types of essays that you can write and one of the best things about this type of writing is that you are able to include information from various different perspectives. This can be used in different essay topics for upsc as well, such as relationship essays and how to tips and advice articles. Wh en writing this type of essay, it is important to distinguish between yourself and the author of the essay.When choosing essay topics for upsc, you need to ensure that you respect the other people involved in the conversation. Remember that you are sharing your opinions, experiences, or knowledge with others, and you should present them in a respectful manner. It is essential that you take time to listen to what others have to say, especially if you are not the expert on the topic. Use the essay topics for use as a means of connecting with others, and to be able to share your views and ideas with the rest of the world.The target audience should be those who will be reading the essay. You should be aware of this and realize that the topic is not a personal ad for yourself. If you are writing an essay about yourself, then you need to make sure that you acknowledge the knowledge that you may possess and that youare able to write about your own life experience and perspective.The essay topics for upsc can also contain content about you, as well as that of others. When writing about yourself, you should take the time to be creative and think outside of the box. With the right information, you will be able to tell a completely new and exciting story about yourself, and how you learned something new, through an essay on a specific topic.The content of the essay can also vary based on the people who are being discussed. For example, if you are writing an essay about how to tips on relationships, you may need to provide tips for people who are trying to build relationships. Likewise, if you are writing an essay about the history of the United States, you might find inspiration from history for the ideas you present.Choosing essay topics for us is easier than you think. There are many possible topics for us, and you will need to decide which ones you are comfortable with, and which topics you are willing to share your knowledge for. Whatever the topic of the essay, you need to do research before getting started on it, and also have fun!

Interesting Topics For A College Research Paper

<h1>Interesting Topics For A College Research Paper</h1><p>Students who are composing an exploration paper on some intriguing themes for a school make some extreme memories thinking of points. As you would envision, it is difficult to compose a paper about a fascinating point. Here are a few plans to assist you with thinking of fascinating themes for school inquire about paper.</p><p></p><p>When you are searching for a subject for your paper, remember that the points that are generally intriguing to most understudies will likely be the ones that intrigue you also. When you have recognized the themes that you are keen on, you will have the option to begin discovering more data on every subject. This can assist you with considering all the more fascinating themes for school inquire about paper.</p><p></p><p>The most straightforward approach to think of intriguing subjects for school investigate paper is to utilize the as sets that are promptly accessible on the Internet. There are numerous sites and Internet destinations that can give you loads of data on fascinating points for a school. You can likewise take a gander at the productions that are distributed by the universities to perceive what sorts of themes they distribute every year. You would then be able to take what you find and put it into your examination paper.</p><p></p><p>Another thought to utilize when you are attempting to concoct subjects for school inquire about paper is to visit an online class. Numerous online classes are situated all through the nation, so on the off chance that you need to visit a class that is situated in your general vicinity, you ought to have the option to discover one to join in. If not, you can generally go to online classes in your old neighborhood or even online classes in other cities.</p><p></p><p>If you can't discover the data that you have to concoct intr iguing subjects for school investigate paper, you can generally employ somebody to compose your paper for you. There are individuals who have done this kind of work previously, and they can be employed for much short of what you would pay for an expert essayist. This is regularly a superior choice than employing a school educator to compose the paper since you will be paid legitimately by the understudy who needs the task done. As you would expect, it is a lot less expensive to employ somebody to compose an exploration paper instead of recruit an educator to do it.</p><p></p><p>The next thing that you can do when you are attempting to concoct points for school investigate paper is to look online for thoughts. While you are doing this, you can likewise attempt to make associations with a portion of the understudies that you know. Odds are they will have the option to suggest some intriguing subjects for school look into paper.</p><p></p><p >The last thing that you can do when you are attempting to think of points for school inquire about paper is to consider employing a professional writer. While a professional writer isn't important, more often than not they do prove to be useful. They can keep in touch with a portion of the all the more fascinating papers while you center around the more significant ones.</p><p></p><p>The last way that you can concoct intriguing themes for school inquire about paper is to truly break new ground. You may be astounded to locate that a portion of the thoughts that you concocted were not exactly as fascinating as you suspected they were. For this situation, you should recall and attempt to reevaluate the point and check whether it will work for your needs.</p>

The Best Way to Find Term Paper Reviews

<h1>The Best Way to Find Term Paper Reviews</h1><p>Finding the best research project audits are significant for anybody hoping to do their exploration and locate the best and generally utilized by others on the web. While it isn't exactly as simple as looking for a solitary item you are keen on, you can in any case locate a lot of data. The best activity is to utilize the web crawlers, as this will give you data on what has been useful for other people. The web indexes can be a valuable instrument to assist you with your research.</p><p></p><p>However, when you do discover what you need, the best research project surveys ought to consistently be available to you. The most ideal approach to discover these is to search for them on locales that have what you are searching for, as they may give you the data for nothing. For instance, numerous destinations, for example, Google have a connection directly at the highest point of the page where you c an discover the outcomes that you are looking for.</p><p></p><p>You can likewise take a stab at glancing through locales, for example, Examiner.com, which gives research paper audits. There are various things that you can discover here, which may help you in finding what you are searching for, just as what you need.</p><p></p><p>To defeat the best research project surveys you should have the option to discover one that you feel is exhaustive and dependable. It is likewise a smart thought to have the option to discover what sort of reports they have accessible. This can be found by tapping on the connections for the locales that offer them.</p><p></p><p>When searching for research project surveys on the web, there are numerous things that you ought to consider before you start. You need to ensure that you are managing a respectable webpage, and that the website you are utilizing is from a spot that is well known. </p><p></p><p>For model, the most straightforward activity is go to the Better Business Bureau site and see ifthe website that you are taking a gander at has an issue with that. Not all locales will, which makes this an incredible spot to begin. In the event that the website doesn't have any grievances against it, you can move onto the following step.</p><p></p><p>The next thing to search for when searching for research paper surveys online is the nature of the composition. In the event that the site is giving the data that you need, at that point you need to ensure that it is from an individual that comprehends what they are doing. It isn't exactly what they compose, however how well they compose it.</p><p></p><p>In request to locate the best research paper audits you have to set aside the effort to go to the correct spots. This implies you should set aside some effort to inquire about them with the goal that y ou can discover what you are searching for. At that point you ought to have the option to discover what you need without a lot of trouble.</p>

Essay on Pre-Employment Screening Industry Report

Pre-Employment Screening Industry Overview Industry Overview Due to the increasing costs associated with workplace embezzlement, fraud, violence, and other unethical business practices, the need to manage hiring and personnel risk has never been of greater importance than in todays business environment. The process of verifying past employment, education, and criminal history is an essential facet of many contemporary corporate risk management programs. The pre-employment screening industry is a small, highly fragmented sub-industry of the much larger Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector, a space dominated by a handful of large companies accounting for almost 25% of the industrys total revenue. Total revenue for the†¦show more content†¦In addition, many employers seek to reduce their costs even further by outsourcing pre-employment screening and allowing their human resource (HR) departments to focus more on strategic functions. By outsourcing this function to a pre-employment screening company, an HR department can take ad vantage of cost savings due to the screening companys economies of scale and more sophisticated screening technologies. The Society of Human Resource Managers (SHRM) estimates that almost 80% of all employers use pre-employment screening companies to some degree. Poised for Growth Pre-employment screening companies have seen double-digit revenue growth over the last several years due to several factors, including an increase in negligent lawsuits, the global terrorism threat post 9/11, the strong U.S. job market, and new government regulations such as the Patriot Act and the Voluntary Guidelines onShow MoreRelatedHuman Capital Due Diligence Service948 Words   |  4 Pageshiring new executive, firm restructuring around essential senior management, assessing the viability of acquiring a new firm or as a mediator with a new supplier, customer or partner. 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Essay Topics For Online Privacy

Essay Topics For Online PrivacyWhile it may seem obvious that essay topics for online privacy would be easy to come up with, when I consider some of the more complicated topics I often get stuck for ideas. While I did come up with a couple of interesting essay topics for online privacy, it took me quite a while to get to the ones that I was most comfortable with.The reason I gave this topic so much thought is because I read recently on some blog that many people actually use the internet for nefarious purposes. The blog post also mentioned that a major Internet Service Provider in Canada had allowed users to view private information on their own computer systems, such as email addresses and home addresses. This did not seem safe to me, so I decided to give this essay topic a good test run.For essay topics for online privacy, it doesn't really matter what the topic is. The important thing is that you have something to say. While it's fine to discuss privacy issues at length, I don't t hink you need to go into great detail if you aren't going to delve too deeply into the issue. Plus, you should also consider the fact that some topics are better left for a classroom assignment.Here are some easy essay topics for online privacy that I came up with. I'm sure they aren't the only things that you could write about, but they are topics that I've written about before and have some familiarity with. I hope they help you.I know I'm not alone in looking for essay topics for online privacy. It seems like everyone wants to get something out of the essay topic and everyone wants to find the most appropriate way to say what they want to say. In fact, I suspect that if I'd gotten into the topic with my high school English teacher, we would have gone at it for days!As an example, I know that my main focus for this essay is the idea of anonymity; I need to find some keywords or keywords that people are going to use for their self-promotion, in hopes of finding something useful. So , for example, I might find that the keyword or key word 'make money online' is the thing that people use on their MySpace or Twitter accounts, or perhaps 'online income.' I am pretty sure that if I were to look through the search results on Google, I would come up with a list of keywords that people would type into the search box.The next time you have to write an essay topic for online privacy, give yourself plenty of time to research the topic. Don't just throw together some stuff that you think might work; make sure you have a good understanding of what you're writing about and what the topic should include. Once you have that down, you should be able to come up with topics that you feel comfortable writing about.There are plenty of essays out there that deal with privacy issues. It would help if you are comfortable writing about topics that touch on your personal beliefs, which is why I suggest that you take your time and come up with as many essay topics for online privacy as you can. It may not be as exciting as other topics that you might find, but it will be more fulfilling in the end.

Tips For Conducting Policy Paper Samples

Tips For Conducting Policy Paper SamplesPolicy paper samples are the heart of any insurance or policy company. These are the essential documents in every single insurance industry. Without these, it is highly difficult to determine the value of a policy and it is also very time consuming and tedious to sort through all the documents that have to be dealt with.A policy is of course a complex policy document which can contain all sorts of complex policy documents. Insurance companies that engage in buying policies from various insurance companies often consider it as a time-consuming and frustrating task to deal with complex policy documents. Thus, they advise their clients that it is best to get their policy papers prepared by experts and then to sort through the documents and check for any inconsistencies or errors. But how exactly do we go about this?There are various ways of conducting a policy paper sample. The most common method that most of the insurance companies go about is by selecting a document expert who has experience in handling these types of documents. However, it is a fact that there are some issues that may arise due to the lack of experience of such an expert.Another method to obtain a policy paper sample is to ask for a copy of the original document that the client needs to compare and which would then need to be proofread and compared with the copied document to determine if there are any discrepancies. Although this is a great idea and is the most convenient way to conduct a policy paper sample, it is far from perfect.The third option, apart from asking for a copy of the original document is to use a standard policy paper sample for comparison. This allows the client to take the time to peruse and search for any mistake and any ambiguity and then follow the coverage amount, coverage period, the total number of claim for a given number of claims that are allowed, and the limits that the policy holder will be able to file a claim against.All these points can be discussed and checked before finalizing the policy papers. This saves the customer from having to keep any errors in their mind, making it much more convenient for them to read through the policy papers and not miss any important points. And most importantly, it allows the policy holder to select any policy they want without any hesitation.Policy paper samples are therefore highly useful for a variety of reasons. Just remember that when selecting the samples, ensure that they have been prepared and that they contain the correct information.

Exporting Toys from Belgium to the People’s Republic of China Free Essays

string(110) " The new rich surpass actual needs and as a result become more qualified for merchandising and advertisement\." [pic] ________________ KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN Faculty of business and economics International Marketing Toys: Exporting toys from Belgium to the People’s Republic of China [pic] Julie Mertens 1 Master TEW Prof. Pierre FrancoisAcademic year 2008-2009 1. Table of contents2 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Exporting Toys from Belgium to the People’s Republic of China or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction3 3. Consumption culture in the People’s Republic of China 4 1. China and its economic growth 1. Export5 2. Open economy 3. Middle class people’s consumption culture 2. Culture 1. One child policy 2. Filiarchy6 3. Six pocket syndrome 4. Parental education 5. Children’s personal expenditures . Mian zi7 7. Mien-tsu Lien 8. Guanxi 9. Fake products 10. Cheaper before better8 11. Religion 12. Astrology superstition 13. Language 14. Emotions9 15. Business culture 16. Research studies 17. Hofstede10 4. Proposed Marketing adaptations 11 1. Segmentation 2. Targeting 3. Positioning 4. Price adaptations 12 5. Product adaptations 1. Product specifications 2. Assortment change13 3. Brand name 4. Image 5. Packaging 6. Service level 6. Distribution Strategy14 7. Communication15 1. Media and the message 2. Advertisement and promotion 5. General conclusion16 6. References17 7. Apendices18 . Introduction Nowadays, in this time of economic depression, some people bel ieve the era of globalization is over. Others consider globalization as a necessity in these times of integration into one worldculture. In this paper, I will try to indicate if and to which extent the marketing-mix should be adapted when exporting Belgian toys to the People’s Republic of China. First, a little company introduction is given. Secondly, some relevant facts and numbers about the People’s Republic of China are discussed. Then, some cultural differences between Belgium and PRC are considered. Finally, the proposed marketing adaptations will be under consideration. Lilliputiens: a company introduction Lilliputiens is a Belgian company that specialises in the production of fabric-based toys. What sets them apart is the extremely high product quality. Their aim is to ensure that all of their toys combine their three core values: provide quality toys at reasonable prices, which are fun to play with, great to look at and have an educational value. [pic][pic] In order to properly stimulate their little customers, namely boys and girls in the zero to five age range, they have created gentle toys made of soft fabric. Their senses are stimulated thanks to the use of a diverse range of textures, sounds, shapes and colours. The toys are designed with the knowledge that toys enable children to imagine, touch, create and think. Those provide a key role in children’s development. Another special feature of the toys is that they evolve in a way that accompanies the baby throughout his or her passage into early infancy. As the child grows, the new play elements are revealed, making new activities and games possible. As a consequence, these toys no longer need to be put back in the box after just three months! Not only dolls but also a play mat, a food pyramid, a table set and a ruler are amongst the Lilliputiens’ product line. [pic] [pic] [pic] 3. Consumption culture in the People’s Republic of China China and its economic growth China is the greatest and most challenging new frontier that international marketers are facing today. China is the most populated country in the world. With one fifth of the world population and the largest population of children in the world, it is an enormous potential market. China’s economic growth has risen 11% during 2007 and keeps developing. There is new money to spend by the 200 million acquisitive people in the middle class. But numbers are not everything; you have to win people’s hearths to be and stay in business. Let that be the issue of this paper. [pic] Figure 1: China’s estimated per capita income per province in 2003 As shown in figure 2 and 3, China’s economic growth passes unequally. Eastern regions have known a faster growth that has given rise to an enormous gap between Eastern and Western China. Eastern China has become more occidental with different needs as a result. In this paper, only China’s Eastern, urban regions will be discussed since China’s ten largest cities, which contain only four percent of China’s population, account for approximately 22 percent of its earning power and 19 percent of its spending power. The urban children’s market contains around 100 million children. Figure 2Figure 3 Export The Chinese market is a paradise for both internal and foreign investors. In 2006, Belgium has exported for almost 3 billion euro to China. This makes China Belgium’s thirteenth trading partner with 1. 1% of our GDP. However compared to India, Belgium’s eighth business partner, the export ratio is lower. To further improve export, good connections will be needed. Open economy According to Eugene Wang, China is relatively open to foreign investments. China has the largest supply of foreign direct investments. Compared to India, China’s tariff protection is more modest and keeps declining. This has resulted in a rapid increase in the volume of imports. In 2003, China’s imports rated 30% of its gross domestic product, which is twice the import ratio of the U. S. Foreign firms with facilities within China account for 25% of all manufactured goods. These goods can be exported or could serve China’s internal market. Middle class people’s consumption culture The present middle class or â€Å"new rich† have made money and acquired standing in only one generation. China has an ambiguous relationship towards foreign culture; Chinese both worship and avert it. Imported goods represent purchasing power, status and good taste. Chinese start to adore Western culture and lifestyle. Although the Western consumption culture conflicts with their traditional consumption culture of thrift and spending in proportion to income, the middle class have become a part of the consumerism culture, especially in the fashion consumption. Albeit their norms and values tend to incline towards the Western culture, imitation is gradually transferring into their own consumption culture. â€Å"I consume so I exist† is the new attitude. The new rich surpass actual needs and as a result become more qualified for merchandising and advertisement. You read "Exporting Toys from Belgium to the People’s Republic of China" in category "Papers" They spend a lot of money on consumer goods, like toys. A potential market is definitely there! Culture Cultures are learned by parenting as well as social interactions and therefore they can change. Despite the impact of current globalization, cultural differences will stay. One-child policy The biggest cultural difference between the rest of the world and China is the â€Å"one-child policy†. Since 1979, due to China’s history and more specifically the population control, law states a maximum of one child per household. Observational data shows that there are 18% more boys than girls. Compared to the world average, this percentage lays 15% higher! In China, men stand for responsibility for the family and are raised to become the head of the household. Therefore, people prefer to have a baby boy rather than a baby girl. However, in the urban regions this is gradually changing. More and more parents cherish the same ambitions for their girl. In fact, in the big cities girls are preferred because parents will not have to worry about being able to provide enough hope chest. [pic] Figure 4: Advertisement to promote the one child policy: carry out family planning – implement the basis national policy Filiarchy Whether a child is born as a boy or a girl, it is born with much more responsibility on his shoulders than in the rest of the world. When it comes to education, health or money, parents will do whatever it takes to contribute to the success of live of their children. For that reason, the one child determines the household. According to Mc Neal and Yeh, Chinese children influence the consumption pattern in such a significant way, namely by 68%, that outsiders look upon him or her as a â€Å"spoiled brat† or â€Å"little emperor†. In the case of toys, the influence on the parents’ purchases mounts up to 93% for children in the zero to five age range. On an annual basis, Chinese children exert a direct influence on play item purchases of three billion dollar per year. It can be said that China has shifted from a patriarchy to a filiarchy; kids have become the centre of the universe! Six pocket syndrome Chinese parents spend much more time, money and effort on their only child’s development. Chinese children are not only raised by their parents but by the whole family. This second source of money, the grandparents, lives in the same household due to other standards of living. This results in six adults indulging one child. This effect is better known as the â€Å"4-2-1 indulgence† or the â€Å"six pocket syndrome†. Parental education In China, society is much more collective than in Belgium. This is reflected in the Chinese family and kinship system. It is not unusual that grandparents live under the same roof. Not surprisingly, family has a tremendous impact on a child education. From birth, Chinese children are learned to respect and obey their elders. Unlike in Belgium, Chinese adults keep seeking for parental approval. Children’s personal expenditures In the first place, children learn about new products from other children, followed by advertisement and store visits. Research has shown that there is a difference in requests between boys and girls. Beyond expectations, girls ask significantly more for toys than boys! But who pays for their expenditures? For children under the age of four, it are the parents and other relatives who buy and pay for the toys. Unexpected but true, according to Chan children start to spend their own money on their own wants and needs from the age of four, mostly toys and food! Mian zi Chinese children do not spend all of their money. A four year old saves around 75% of his pocket money. Their regular income can be spent but special incomes given on birthdays or Chinese New Year are expected to be saved. Learn how to manage money is a second but just as important reason why Chinese parents give their children money. China derives from a socialist economy and has a culture that emphasizes on saving money because they believe this contributes to the development of one’s prestige, which is called â€Å"mian zi†. Mien-tsu Lien Mien-tsu stands for a reputation through drive, ostentation and success –often expressed by personal wealth-. The more mien-tsu a person has, the higher his social status is and the more influence a person has on others and important decisions. A person’s mien-tsu is dynamic; it can change over time by someone’s success or failure. Lien represents the confidence of society in a person’s sincerity and can only be lost by misconduct. Together, they determine the importance of a person in his interpersonal relations among Chinese. In China, this is extremely important when doing business, because contracts are defined by trust and connections. Guanxi If a Chinese wants to be successful in business, he needs more than just brains. Guanxi is a personal network of influence and social relationships that is used to obtain a service or favor for ‘reasonable purposes’. Guanxi can be compared to social capital and so it is not an act of bribery. The line between guanxi and corruption is rather thin. Chinese have a different view on corruption and crime. Corruption is very big issue in China, even within the Chinese government, which censors certain information. As a result, statistics should always be used with cautiousness. Fake products In China, counterfeiting is a national sport. 40% of all counterfeit toys have China as its country of origin. Although China has signed international agreements on patents and production rights, there are two reasons why they do not hold on to them. First, it is a result of historical factors. Most Chinese do not consider copying someone else’s work as a crime. Secondly, Chinese believe the Western companies are already rich enough, so counterfeiting does not harm the genuine producers. This way, China stays the epicentre of the fake industry. [pic] [pic] Cheaper before better The question: â€Å"Are Chinese genuine and counterfeit products are worse than Western products† has no unilateral answer. On the one hand, China stands for â€Å"cheaper -and therefore often dangerous- instead of better†. Think of the Mattel incident, where Chinese toys had to be taken back because the paint had too much lead in it. The â€Å"Made in China† is rather a warning than a quality label. On the other hand, a difference between â€Å"made in China† and â€Å"Made by China† has to be made. European companies who produce in China generally correspond to the Western criteria, so â€Å"Made in China† does not always indicate risks. According to Holslag, a researcher at the Brussels Institute for Contemporary China Studies, China will catch up to the Western norms concerning quality within the foreseeable future. Also a shift from knickknacks to high-tech products is taking place. Religion China is a country full of traditions. One of them is Confucianism, which was the state doctrine until 1912. Confucianism is not really a religion but more a philosophy or guideline for everyday life and determines what to eat, how to behave, what to wear, ect. According to Confucius, laws are not a good basis of the State. He believes imbueing people with rituals is more effective to reach State stability. Confucius’ society is very hierarchic; everyone knows his position and should act like it. Though society is not static. His idea was that talented people should be able to move up in society, which has had a great impact on the Chinese vision of life. Later, Buddhism, Christian and mainly Taoism influences mingled with Confucianism into neo-Confucianism. So, it is not strange to find a Chinese who is a Confucian, Buddhist as well as a Taoist. [pic] Nature Astrology superstition Chinese culture stands in function of nature. Chinese consider themselves part of nature and try to live in harmony with it. In Chinese astrology, the zodiac of twelve animal signs represents twelve different types of personality. The zodiac traditionally begins with the sign of the rat, followed by the ox, the tiger, the rabbit, ect. This year, Chinese New Year falls on 26th of January and stands in the sign of the ox. Superstition plays an important role in Chinese culture. Although fortune-telling is forbidden, people go to fortune-tellers to ask whether their child will be a boy or a girl. Language Mandarin is the most spoken language in China. If you speak Mandarin, you have 915 million native speaking conversation partners! Next to the official language, there are numerous dialects. Besides the different spoken languages, there are also two written languages. [pic] Emotions You will not often see a Chinese crying! Chinese often get blame for not saying what they really think or feel. Westerners find that Chinese behave in a cold manner. A possible explanation is the fact that people were hanged in the past for taking a different view on certain matters. Another explanation is that defending one’s opinion is a Western way of dealing with a situation when there are opposing thoughts. Chinese are learnt at school to accept what is told. Business culture A difference between Belgian and Chinese culture is that Chinese do not work by a model as much as Belgians do. In Belgium, people set up a plan and execute it. In China, people are much more flexible. They anticipate and react on the situation. A possible explanation can be found in their education. Chinese children come in contact with much more opinions during their family education. Laws, contracts and rules are less significant. Chinese have a different calendar, namely the Moon calendar. Fortunately, for business they also use the Gregorian calendar. Research studies Culture is defined by what we buy and why we buy it. National culture determines consumer behaviour, not income. (De Mooij) At first sight, culture does not seem relevant when it comes to toys. Toys are used for children’s entertainment. However, there certainly is a difference in usage between Belgium and China. As mentioned before, Chinese parents find it extremely important that their child stands out from the mass. Therefore, Chinese parents buy toys to stimulate their children to learn as soon as possible rather than for entertainment. So, marketing, branding and advertising strategies should be adapted when exporting toys to China. Hofstede But how different are the Belgian and Chinese culture? According to Hofstede, one can define cultural difference on the basis of five dimensions on a 0 to 100-range scale. The degree of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation determines a national culture. The higher the score, the more dimension determines the culture. Belgium belongs to the more developed Latin countries cluster and China falls under the less developed Asian countries. [pic] Figure 5: Cultural difference between China and Belgium Power distance More than Belgian culture, the Chinese culture knows a larger power distance. In China, the acceptance of hierarchy and authority is higher. Since all people are treated fairly, they do not resist and respect higher ranked and elder people because these stand for wisdom. As mentioned before, Chinese rely much more on human relationships (guanxi) than on contracts. Individualism Esomar research shows that China is a collectivist culture, in which loyalty and social network (Mien-stu, Lien Guanxi) are important. In China, the group where you belong to defines your identity. In Belgium, people and society are more individualistic, which has enabled capitalism. Masculinity Concerning the masculinity/femininity, there is not much distinction between Belgium and China. Both countries have some features of both characteristics. Uncertainty avoidance In Belgium, people believe they have faith in their own hands. In China, people depend much more on fate and believe their destiny is determined for them. In this fatalistic country, failure is unevitable. Belgians are more threatened by risk and uncertainty than the Chinese. As a result, the Chinese are much more open to change. This confirms the Confucianism influence on China. Long-term orientation Like other Southeast Asian countries, China is long term oriented. This has the similar effect as the Confucian values, which are acceptance of change, perseverance, thrift and pursuit of peace of mind. Belgium, on the other hand, strives for immediate results like other Western countries. According to Hofstede, these cultural differences will remain over time, how much globilization even takes place. Now that the Chinese culture has no mysteries anymore, let’s take a look at which adaptations are to be made. 4. Proposed Marketing adaptations Cross-cultural awareness – the understanding that what is normal in one culture can be offending in another one – starts to gain credit. People start to recognize that to be successful in foreign business, the company should adapt the marketing mix to the country’s values and culture. However, adaptation is very costly and time-consuming. Although China is becoming more Occidental, the marketing mix should be adapted only until the profits do not make up for the costs anymore. Segmentation There is no such thing as an average consumer! Therefore, there is no use -or value- in making an average product. First, the company has to distinguish the different market segments based on similar product needs for consumers. For the Chinese toy market, a distinction between the urban and rural households can be made. The question â€Å"whether a market segment is specific enough to make it a segment on its own† depends on four P’s. The first P stands for product. Children in urban China play with different and more qualitative toys than children in rural China. The second P stands for price. Since urban China is much wealthier, they are less price sensitive than rural China. Also the service level, the third P, differs. The more cultivated East demands a higher servicelevel. The final P, promotion, varies from TV advertisement and word of mouth in urban China to only word of mouth in rural China. | |Size |Product |Price |Service |Promotion | |Urban |36 % |High quality |High |High |TV + word of mouth | |Rural |64 % |Different toys |Low |Low |Word of mouth | Table 1: Segmentation: the four P’s Targeting In a next phase, the company has to make a strategic choice. This hard-to-reverse decision, namely the decision which specific market segment will be targeted, depends on the value that can be offered to customers. Although the final consumers are children between zero and five years old, most of the time it will be the parents who will buy the toys. Since the most profitable segment is China’s urban household segment, this market segment will be targeted. For the reason that this target group lives highly concentrated in the cities, they are easy to reach customers. Positioning Brand positioning is the process by which marketers try to create an image or identity in the minds of their target market for a certain product. The question is whether a brand should be global or not. In this case, a global image of the brand is not important. It would be better to distinguish the positioning since in China the focus would be on learning during playing compared to recreation and entertainment in Belgium. Although it is costly, the company will benefit from this investment because of the positive effect on buying behaviour. Two company images will not confuse customers since there is a language and character barrier between both countries. Price adaptations A price can be determined on the basis of costs, by looking at competitors’ prices or in proportion to the value created towards the end-consumer. I would suggest the company to go for the third option. Although the company’s first goal should be market penetration – resulting in low prices –, still a skimming pricing strategy seems best. The dolls are of a superior quality and luxury products demand a high price. I believe 50 euro or 465 Chinese Yuan would be an appropriate price for a 25 by 15 centimetre doll. This high price can be justified because the toy cannot only be used for entertainment but also for educational purposes. Since the income of the middle class is only rising, according to my market research (see apendix) at this price there will be enough potential buyers. Another reason that justifies a high price is the high level of pre and after sales service Chinese demand, which will be discussed further. Product adaptations †¢ Product specifications Nowadays, toy manufacturers do not adapt the features of the dolls! But research has shown that it hurts the childern’s self-esteem. Therefore, the company should customize the skin colour, hair, eyes, height, ect. as shown in figure 6. [pic] Figure 6: A Chinese Lilliputien doll with yellow skin, dark hair and dark slit-eyed eyes. One of Lilliputiens’ toys is the food pyramid by which children can learn how to put together well-balanced meals. Since people in China eat other vegetables, other meat and noodles and rice instead of potatoes, this pyramid should be adapted. Another Lilliputien toy, the table set also should be modified since Chinese eat with chopsticks instead of fork and knife. [pic] [pic] Figure 7: Food pyramidFigure 8: Table set †¢ Assortment change Children like choice; therefore the product line should be expanded. The current themes like the circus, the Indians, the Pirates, the nativity of Jesus Christ could be supplemented with the twelve zodiac animals of the Chinese astrology. A doll of the child’s animal sign can be given as a gift at the child’s birth. A less perfect acquisition for the assortment would be a Buddhist doll, Chinese would find it inappropriate and rude. †¢ Brand name Due to a different language and moreover a different alphabet, it is crucial to change the company name and product names. â€Å"Lilliputiens† would be unpronounceable. My suggestion would be to render the company’s name by transliteration, so that is sounds the closest to its original name. Pu-Tien means â€Å"all over the world†, which fits with the company philosophy, to give all children over the world the chance to play. †¢ Image The new rich people love to show off their wealth. A good idea would be to create a good recognizable logo to put on each doll so that others can recognize the brand and they can brag about expensive purchase. The advertisement campaigns should be identifiable by showing rich and fortunate people. †¢ Packaging Since the packaging has to sell the product, it is essential to make it as colourful and vibrant as possible. The company certainly has to use the colour red on the packaging, since in China, red has a positive connotation and stands for success, honour, fertility, happiness and love. Qualitative information, about the fact that this toy is educational as well as entertaining, must be provided to the Chinese parents. A good idea could be to use a combination of Chinese and English language in the toys manual. Due to internalization, the Chinese middle and upper class have become familiar with English. Toys are often given as a gift. The packaging has to look nice, because gifts are used to build up and strengthen relationships. The dolls are very soft and have different textures, therefore the company could use an open packaging so potential customers can feel and see the product before purchasing. Service level When a child has a need, it wants the need to be gratified as soon as possible. Since fast delivery is thus very important, there has to be enough inventory at any time. Because the Pu-Tien toys are more than just toys, this educational plaything stimulates senses and development of a child, there is need for pre sales service. Although China pays a lot of attention to pre-sales service as well as post sales service, they do not expect a guarantee on toys. Given that the dolls are made for children between zero and five years old, avoiding small parts and implementing warnings can prevent danger to children. Safety regulations are less strict in China. Nevertheless, the company should keep their high level of quality. Since the dolls are made in Belgium, the company should exploit their country of origin effect and explicitly mention â€Å"Made in Belgium†. Distribution strategy †¢ Business culture In China, paper means nothing. So if contracts do not work, what will? You need to band with local people and win their trust. This is where the Guanxi comes in. To obtain a certain service or favour, a personal network of influence and social relationships are a must. According to Li Qinfu, contact with the Chinese government also plays a very important role. When Westerners want to do business they contact their lawyers, when Chinese do business they contact government officials. †¢ Parallel import I would not set a lower price in the Chinese market than in the home market because due to relative low trade barriers, the risk and impact of grey export from China to Belgium would be too big. †¢ Mode of entry At first instance, due to low costs and a high control level, I would recommend the company to set up a website. But on further consideration, children want their needs to be gratified as soon as possible. In addition, if the toys are reachable (merchandising), they will also nag more, which helps children to get what they want if they have shut-up parents. Shipment costs for a prior delivery would be too large in proportion to the retail price. Another reason why a website would not be a good mode of entry is the level of pre and after sales service a Chinese consumer demands. The target segment, namely middle and upper class people with high requirements, searches for qualitative, pedagogical responsible and save toys. Therefore, these luxury toys should be sold in fancy local retail stores, not in ordinary supermarkets. The trade-off of using retail stores goes between the fact that the products are reachable, ready for delivery, a high service level and less control, more risk and higher investments. Since toy dealers are not motivated to deliver good sales support, a good way to check the service is ghost shopping. This market research technique of sending fake customers will tell if sales men give the right information and service to potential buyers and customers. Since feedback from distributors does not come easily because they are independent, a good idea is to improve relationships with local parties by means of guanxi. Communication A good strategy is nothing if it is not well executed. Advertisement is the most culturally sensitive element of the marketing mix. Therefore, it is wise to decide well how to say what you want to say. †¢ Media and the message When announcing the product launch to the potential customers by the media, the message strategy is of crucial importance. According to Hofstede, the communication style depends on the five dimensions of local culture. China is a developing, high context and collectivistic country. The best communication style is a less informative and more persuasive and emotional approach. When advertising on TV, a good idea would be to use the least words as possible. Optimally, only utilize non-verbal language. Not only because collectivistic cultures are more visually orientated (De Mooij), but also because children between zero and five cannot read and have a very small vocabulary. Toddlers have very well developed visual capabilities and are sensitive to emotions. For that reason, a visual advertisement would do better. In combination with a lot of colour, children’s attention will be monopolized. Although Hofstede suggests a less informative approach, I believe that the message towards the (grand)parents should be informative (information on age, warnings†¦) and focus on the educational value of the product. Pu-Tien toys provide a key role in a child’s development: its senses are stimulated thanks to the use of a diverse range of textures, sounds, shapes and colours. As slogan I would recommend: â€Å"Pu-tien tested, child educational approved! † As mentioned before, Chinese culture has shifted from a patriarchy to a filiarchy. As a result, advertisement will focus on children and their needs. †¢ Advertisement and promotion Not only the message, also the medium by which potential consumers are informed matters. In a first phase of promoting the product, children need to get to know the product. To gain product awareness, the company should adopt sampling. By offering certain pre-school kindergartens and day nursery centres some free samples, children will come in contact with the Pu-Tien product range. This is a win-win situation. Schools will be thankful to receive teaching aids nd our company will benefit from other children’s word of mouth, which is the best marketing tool. If our product line appeals to the children, children will nag to their parents to get the product. Sampling has as advantage that it is the most effective promotion strategy but unfortunately it is extremely expensive. Advertising on TV will be a second step of the company’s promotion strategy. Due to hypersegmenta tion, there are almost 3000 TV stations in China. With the given marketing budget, it would be too expensive to advertise on all of them. I would suggest advertising on one children’s channel as well as on one adult channel. Although the company’s target group is children between zero and five years old and their personal expenditures start from the age of four, mostly adults will buy the product for them. Since grandparents live in the same household, also raise their grandchildren and are happy to spend their money on their grandchildren’s formation, the commercial should consist of not only the child’s parents but of the whole family. Also some traditional symbols or Chinese icons should be put in because it will help to make the connection between the Western and their own consumption culture. As marketing manager, I think it is best not to invest money in global advertisement. I have computed the extent of standardization and found that toys are a cultural product. Therefore, the message and medium should change. It is not necessary to have one corporate brand image because the children in Belgium and China will not come in contact with each other, so it will not be confusing. Conclusion SWOT-analysis Strengths The major strength of the company’s product is the educational value that comes with the product. Chinese find education extremely important. Weaknesses A relative high price is chosen due to the risk and impact of parallel import. But a small segment with a high price can be more profitable than large volumes of low profit margin products. Opportunities Learning more about China, its culture, rules and laws and setting up a social network, with the government as well, will be extremely important. This will take some time, effort and money but it will enlarge the company’s chance to succeed tremendously. Threats I believe the biggest challenge will be the fierce competition from less qualitative and counterfeit dolls that are much cheaper. To conclude, as a marketing manager, I must say China stays a black box. When you have done all research that is possible; business in China still is risky. At least with the suggested adaptations the risk will be minimized and the success is multiplied. 6. References Interview Interview with my neighbour Yan Lu, a Chinese middle class woman living in Belgium since then years Books Kotler, P. et all (2005). Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall Harlow. pp XVIII, 788. Chan, K. McNeal, J. (2004). Advertising to children in China. The Chinese University Press of Hong Kong. pp. I, 1-21, II, 23-42. Latham, K. Thompson, S. Klein, J. (2006). Consuming China. Routledge. Yau, O. H. M. (1994). Consumer behaviour in China. Routledge. pp III, 63-83. Usunier, J. -C. (2000). Marketing across cultures. Prentice Hall Harlow. pp V Articles Mooij, M. (2005). Mapping cultural values for global marketing and advertising. Dobbelaere, B. Reynebeau, M. (2008). Bijlage China: de rode boekjes: middelpunt van de wereld, 1,3 miljard sporters, een exploderende economie, paradijs voor investeerders, kleine vrouwen, een wereldmacht, de nieuwe rijken, een milieuramp, de diaspora, traditionele cultuur, culinair. De Standaard Reportage Marketing to children. Een, Koppen, 23/12/2008 Internet pages http://www. lilliputiens. be/EN/philosophy_nobel. htm 28/10/2008 http://www. allcountries. org/china_statistics/4_4_basic_statistics_on_national_population. html 25/11/2008 http://www. namingnewsletter. com/article. asp? id=42 25/11/2008 http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m2294/is_9-10_53/ai_n16084036 23/12/2008 http://benmuse. typepad. com/ben_muse/china/index. html 25/11/2008 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Positioning_(marketing) 23/12/2008 http://simonworld. mu. nu/archives/105889. hp 24/12/2008 http://smallswordsmagazine. com/articles/life/chinesesarcasm. html 3/01/2009 http://www. wing-international. com/ 03/01/2009 7. Apendices [pic] Market research: Questionnaire: What is an appropriate price for the Pu-Tien doll? 1) Are you a male/female? 2) How old are you? 3) What is your highest level of education you have achieved? 4) What is your marital status? 5) How much do you earn each month? 6) Do you live in one of China’s big cities? 7) What is your housing type? 8) Do you have (grand)children? 9) How many (grand)children do you have? 0) Is it a boy or a girl? 11) Do you believe your (grand)child’s development is important? 12) Do you like to spend money on your (grand)childrens (birthday)presents? 13) How much would you normally spend on your (grand)child’s birthday? 14) Have you ever bought a Pu-Tien doll for your (grand)child? 15) Where you pleased with your purchase? 16) What was the occasion you bought the doll for? 17) How much did it cost you? 18) Did you found it a reasonable price? 19) What would have been the highest/lowest price at which you would buy a Pu-Tien doll? 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